CHRONOLOGICAL
SUMMARY
By 5000 B.C. City-states flourish in South
Babylonia.
About 4500-2250
Expansion and Conflicts of
City-states.
" 4500 Enshagsagana, of Kengi, victor over
Kish.
" 4400 Mesilim, king of Kish, victor over
Shirpurla.
" 4200 Dynasty
of Ur Nina, king of Shirpurla, victor over
Gishban;
Stele of Vultures.
" 4000 Lugalzaggisi,
king of Gishban, ruler as far
as the
Mediterranean.
" 3850 Alusharshid, of Kish, conqueror of
Elam.
" 3800-3750 Sargon, king of Agade, and his son Naram
Sin, lords
of the Mediterranean coast-land,
of northern
Mesopotamia, and of Elam.
" 3500 Ur Bau and other patesis of Shirpurla.
" 3100 Gudea, patesi of Shirpurla,
" 3000 Ur
Gur and Dungi I., kings of Ur, kings of
Shumer and Akkad.
" 2900 Kings of Uruk and
Isin,
" 2800-2500 Second Dynasty of Ur; Dungi IL, lord
of the West.
" 2450-2300 Migrations and Invasions: Arabians and Elamites enter Babylon,
" 2400-2100 First Dynasty of kings of Babylon.
" 2290 Rim Sin, Elamite king of Larsam,
king of Shumer and Akkad.
" 2297-2254 Khammurabi,
king of Babylon, victor over the
Elamites,
unifier of
Babylonia.
" 2188-2151 Ammiditana, of Babylonia, king of the West.
" 2085-1717 Second Dynasty of Babylonian kings.
ln the centuries before 2000 B. C. Babylonian
influence, political and commercial, was
predominant in the Mediterranean coast-lands.
| Babylonia |
B. C. |
Assyria |
Other Countries |
Migrations
and Invasions. The world of Western
Asia
disturbed on every side. Babylonia
entered
by the Kassites
Third
Dynasty of Babylon: Kassite kings of
Karduniash
Agumkakrime, king of Babylon
Boundary settlement between Kara-indash
of Babylon and Ashurbelnisheshu
Kadashman Bel
Burnaburyas I.
Kurigalzu I.
Burnaburyas II.
Kara Khardash
Marries daughter of Ashuruballit
Kadashmankharbe
Suzigas
(Nazibugas), usurper
Kurigalzu II.
Victor over Elam and Assyria
Nazimaruttash
Kadashmanburyas
Four Babylonian kings are defeated by the
Assyrian conqueror Tukulti
Ninib
Adadshumuçur
Milishikhu, victory over Assyria
Mardukbaliddin, lord of the
Mesopotamian
valley
Zamatnashumiddin
Belahumiddin: last Kassite king
Fourth
Dynasty of Babylonia (Pashe)
Nebuchadrezzar I.: victor over
Elamites,
reaches the Mediterranean, wars
with
Assyria
Beluadinaplu
Marduknadinakhi
Invades Assyria but is driven
back
Marduksapikzerim
Adadapluiddin
Peace between Babylon and
Assyria
Fifth Dynasty of Babylonia (three Sea Kings)
Sixth
Dynasty of Babylonia (three kings of
Bazi)
Seventh
Dynasty of Babylonia (the Elamite)
Probable invasions of Babylonia: the
Kaldi
in the south, the Elamites and other
peoples in the east, the Arameans in the
east and north
Tiglathpileser
II.: founder of a new line; beginning of
Assyrian recovery
Ashurdan
II.
Adadnirari
II.: victory over Babylonia; limu
list begins
Tukulti
Ninib II.: campaigns in the north
Ashurnaçirpal
III.: Assyrian ascendancy
established (1) in the north, campaigns
in 885,
884, 883, 880, 867; in the east,
campaigns in
882, 881; in west Mesopotamia, campaigns
in
884, 879, 878-875?; march to
Mediterranean,
876? Capital at Kalkhi
Shalmaneser
II.: incessant war; campaigns in
(1)
Babylonia, 852, 851, (2) west Mesopotamia,
851-856, (3) south Syria (Damascus), 854,
849,
846, 842, 839, (4) middle Syria, 850, 843, 841,
832, (5) north Syria and N. w., 840, 838,
837,
836, 834, (6) north, 860, 855, 853,
845,833, 831‑
828, (7) east, 844, 836
insurrection of Ashurdaninpal
Shamshi
Adad IV.: insurrection quelled by
822; three
campaigns in north, six in Baby-
Ionia; the west abandoned.
Adadnirari
III.:
brilliant restoration of Assyrian
power in Syria, submission of
Damascus, cam‑
paigns of 806-803, 797; eight campaigns
against
Medes, reached the Caspian; six campaigns
in
N. E.; friendship with Babylonia.
Shalmaneser
III.: decline; campaigns against
(1) Arameans of north Babylonia, (2)
Urartu
(6 yrs.), (3) Damascus 773
Ashurdan III.: decline ; campaigns in central
Syria (Hatarika), 772, 765
Eclipse of the Sun: rebellion in
Assur
Ashurnirari
II.: against
Arpad 754
Rebellion in Kalkhi; collapse of the
dynasty
Tiglathpileser
III.:
restoration of Assyrian au-
thority on all sides; campaigns in (I)
Baby-
Ionia against Arameans, 745, against
Kaldi,
731, 729, 728, (2) east, 744, 737, (3)
north, 739,
736, 735, (4) Syria, against Arpad,
743-740,
region of Hamath, 738, Damascus, Israel
and
Philistia, 734-732
Shalmaneser
IV.: campaign
against rebellion in
Syria and Palestine, 725; siege of
Samaria,
724-722
Sargon:
Assyria at its height; campaigns in
(1) Babylonia, 721, 710-709, (2) west,
722, 720
(Hamath), 715
(Arabia), 711 (Ashdod), (3)
north,
719, 716-714, (4) N. w., 718, 717, 715,
713-708
Assyria vs. Urartu; humiliation
of Urartu
City of Dur Sharrukin
built and made capital of
Assyria
Sennacherib:
campaigns in (1) east, 702, (2)
N. W., 697, (3) Babylonia, 703, 700, 695-694,
692
(Elam), 691, 690, (4) Phoenicia and
Palestine,
701. Capital at Nineveh
Sidon
favored by Assyria; Battle of Altaqu,
collapse of Palestinian rebellion
Esarhaddon:
expansion of Assyria; campaigns
against northeastern coalition before
673,
against Arabia 675-674, against Egypt
674,
673, 670, 668
Kimmerians
met in the N. W, and driven back
Rebellion
of Sidon broken; city destroyed
Revolt
and submission of Baal of Tyre
Lower
Egypt becomes an Assyrian province
Division
of Empire between sons of Esarhaddon
Ashurbanipal:
campaigns in (1) Egypt, 668-666,
661, (2) Elam, (3) Babylonia, (4) Arabia
and
the west, (5) north and N. W.
Important building operations; most
brilliant
age of Assyrian civilization
Ethiopians
retire from Egypt : Assyrians capture
Thebes
Battle of
Tulliz: Assyria defeats Elam
Gyges of
Lydia sends gifts to Assyrian king
Elam
devastated and kingdom destroyed
Rebellious
chiefs and states in Arabia and
Palestine punished (Manasseh of Judah?)
Kimmerians
defeated by Assyrians in Cilicia
Records
of Ashurbanipal cease
Ashuretilili
and Sinsharishkun kings of Assyria
Last
struggles and fall of Assyrian monarchy and
destruction of Nineveh
New Babylonia
Nabupaluçur,
Kaldean king of Babylonia
Battle
of Karkhemish: Egypt driven from Syria
Nebuchadrezzar
II.:
building of temples, forti-
tications, canals, and palaces for
Babylon
Jehoiakim's
rebellion subdued
Rebellion
of the west subdued; Jerusalem de-
stroyed; kingdom of Judah disappears
Siege of
Tyre
Amel
Marduk (murdered)
Nergalsharuçur
Labashi Marduk (removed)
Nabuna'id
(usurper)
Alliance
of Babylonia, Lydia, Egypt, and Sparta
against Cyrus
Cyrus invades Babylonia, captures Babylon, and
destroys the New Babylonian Empire |
After 2000
About
1840-1700
About
1717-1140
ab. 1600
" 1450
" 1425
" 1400
" 1380
" 1350
" 1325
" 1310
" 1280
ab. 1250
" 1150
" 1140
" 1140-1007
? 1140-1123
ab. 1125
" 1122-1117
" 1116-1105
" 1110-1100
" 1090
" 1080
" 1060
" 1050
" 1000
About 1000
ab. 950
ab. 930
911-890
890-885
885-860
860-825
842
827-822
825-812
812-783
783-773
773-755
763 (June 15)
755-745
746
747-734
745-727
734
734-732
732
732-729
730
728-727
727-722
722-705
720-710
719-708
717
715
715-687
ab. 710
709
708
705-681
701
694-3
693
691
690
ab. 693-666
689-681
681-668
680-678
678
ab. 676
673
670-669
669
668 April
668-626
668-648
661
660
652-648
648-626
ab. 645
after 645
ab. 640
626-606?
ab. 608-606?
626-605
605
605-562
601-597
588-586
585-573?
ab. 584
ab. 568
562-560
560-556
556
555-539
550
ab.547
546-545
539-536 |
Earliest Patesis
and Kings of
Assyria. Ishme Dagan and
Shamshi Adad I.; Shamshi
Adad II. son of Igur (Bel)-
kapkapu; Irishum son of
Khallu; Ikunum son of
Irishum; Shushpi-aibi; Su
lili
Ashurbelnisheshu of Assyria
Puzur Ashur
Ashurnadinakhi I.
Ashuruballit
Nineteenth Dynasty in Egypt
Belnirari, extension of Assyria
to the east
Pudi-ilu
Adadnirari I.
Shalmaneser I., extension of
Assyrian power to the N. W.
Kalkhi made the capital
Tukulti Ninib, conqueror of
Babylonia, king of Babylon
Ashurnaçirpal I.
Belkuduruçur
Ninibapalekur
Ashurdan I., victor over Babylon
Mutakkil Nusku
Ashurrishishi: eastern wars
Tiglathpileser I.: campaigns
in north, N. W., west Meso‑
potamia, Babylonia, Elam,
and Syria(?). Wide exten‑
sion of Assyrian territory
Ashurbelkala: capital at Nin‑
eveh?
Shamshi Adad III.
Ashurnaçirpal II.
A period of decline and dark‑
ness in Assyria: only kings'
names known are
Ashurkirbi (?)
Irba Adad
Ashurnadinakhi II.
Eighth Dynasty of Babylonia
Shamashmudammiq
Nabushumishkun: peace with
Assyria
Nabuapaliddin
Marduknadinshum: vassal of
Shalmaneser II.
Nabunaçir: Canon of Ptolemy
and Babylonian Chronicle
begin with him
Nabunadinziri (Nadinu)
Nabushumukin, usurper
Ukinzir of Kaldu, usurper;
appearance of Mardukbaliddin,
who pays tribute to
Tiglathpileser III.
Tiglathpileser III., king of
Babylon under name of
Pulu
Shalmaneser IV. king of Babylon
under name of Ulula'a
Mardukbaliddin king in Baby-
Ion ; Elam joins the Kaldi
against Assyria
Sargon king in Babylon: later
Shakkanak Bel
Mardukzakirshum
Mardukbaliddin
Belibni
Ashurnadinshum
Nergalushezib
Mushezib Marduk
Battle of Khalule
Destruction of Babylon
Sennacherib king in Babylon;
Esarhaddon governor of
Babylon?
Esarhaddon Shakkanak Bel
Rebuilding of Babylon
Shamashshumukin king of
Babylon
Rebellion of Shamashshumukin
and its repression
Ashurbanipal king of Babylon
under name of Kandalanu
Independence of Babylon un-
der Nabupaluçur
League of Nabupaluçur and
Cyaxares for the overthrow
of Assyria |
Arameans appear in northern
Mesopotamia and Khatti
in northern Syria
Hyksos enter and dominate
Egypt for two hundred and
fifty years
Hyksos driven out of Egypt
Eighteenth Dynasty in Egypt
conquers and rules between
the Nile and the Euphrates
Thutmose III. (ab. 1480-1427)
The Tel-el-Amarna Letters
| |
